Brachiosaurus

Hello comrades, today we'll be covering a better known dinosaur, brachiosaurus.

        Brachiosaurus was a late Jurassic sauropod. It was first discovered during Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh's famous "Bone Wars." Marsh discovered a skull of the beast in Colorado, and from this one bone he eagerly classified it as a new species in an attempt to beat out Cope. He then proceeded to idiotically place the skull on the body of an apatosaurus and call it a brontosaurus, opening a sardine can of confusion in nomenclature that would carry on even until today. Congratulations on your fantastic legacy marsh.

         Brachiosaurus would've fed on leaves from the tallest of trees. It was able to reach them thanks to its enormous 32 foot long neck. The neck was so huge that each vertebrae was 3ft and 3in in length. This isthmus of an esophagus would allow it to reach higher than any other known organism. This neck was also incredibly heavy, so brachiosaurus needed some of the strongest front legs in the animal kingdom to keep it up. These front legs were noticeably longer than the back, and this sauropod needed the strong limbs to keep its body from collapsing, so Jurassic Park's famous bipedal brachiosaur is a little inaccurate.

        Another striking feature of brachiosaurus, as you can see from the good doctor up there, was it's head crest. A wall of bone ran down the middle of the dinosaur's head, separating the nasal cavities. These huge nostrils would perhaps given the beast a good sense of smell, although what it would use this sensitivity for is unknown. 

       And that's it for today, next time will be about nasutoceratops, which will also be the blog's first ceratopsid.

- Athos

Palmer, Douglas, Simon Lamb, Guerrero Angeles. Gavira, and Peter Frances. Prehistoric Life: [the Definitive Visual History of Life on Earth]. New York, NY: DK Pub., 2009. Print.

(MLA format is just my favorite thing ever)

Ophthalmosaurus

Hello everyone, sorry about the lack of posts, and the lack of sauropod in this post. I just got back from vacation in florida, so I decided I would make a post about something that lived in florida. That something is Ophthalmosaurus.

        Ophthalmosaurus was a jurassic ichthyosaur about 19.5 feet long. It fed on squid and other small marine life. It had a long toothless beak, which would have been ideal for squid and other soft bodied animals. Another interesting fact about this animal is that it gave birth to live young underwater. These baby Ophthalmosaurus would emerge tail first to prevent drowning. Ophthalmosaurus had thick bony plates surrounding it's extraordinarily large eyes. These plates are called sclerotic rings, and aid in supporting the eye.
     Several of the sources I read stated that an Ophthalmosaurus would swim to a maximum depth of 600 meters. To me, this seemed a rather small number, so I decided to compare this depth with some modern day air breathing hydrophiles, the whales. I chose the species most similar in size to an Ophthalmosaurus, the Short-Finned Pilot Whale, or Globicephala macrorhynchus. These modern day sea giants can swim to a depth of 1000 meters, with nothing but a breath of air and some relatively strong bones. Using this information, I approximate that an Ophthalmosaurus could dive to a depth of around 1300 meters. Being a reptile, Ophthalmosaurus has a slower breathing rate than it's modern day equivalent, so it could spend more time swimming down. The enormous sclerotic rings of the Ophthalmosaurus also bring me to believe it could swim deeper than a pilot whale, as these rings could help keep the soft vulnerable eyes safe from pressure changes. Diving deeper would also account for the fact that the eyes were huge, these would be necessary in the low light. This depth would also place an Ophthalmosaurus in the top layers of the bathypelagic zone, home to more soft bodied organisms which Ophthalmosaurus' toothless beak could easily prey on. 1300 meters makes more sense because of the Ophthalmosaurus' body, and is not at all unreasonable looking at the depths of some air breathing underwater animals, such as the sperm whale, which can swim to depths of 3200 meters.

  That about wraps up today's ancient organism. Next time it'll be a sauropod, I promise.

-Athos

Thanks for the information goes to:

WHOI : Oceanus : Pilot Whales the 'Cheetahs of the Deep Sea'

http://www.abc.net.au/dinosaurs/fact_files/sea/ophthalmo.htm